Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD (previously known simply as Attention Deficit Disorder/ADD) is a developmental, mental disorder. It is a rather complex condition that is characterised by deficits in attention span and hyperactivity/impulsive behaviour. It is usually observable before the age of seven years and sometimes persists into adulthood.

The condition is said to affect boys more than it does girls for the predominantly hyperactive type, while the inattentively predominant one is found more among girls.

The symptoms can be grouped into those that have to do with inattentiveness and those that have to do with hyperactivity/impulsiveness

1) Inattentiveness

Failure to pay attention/make careless mistakes at school, work or other activity

Often do not seem to listen to what is being said

Does not follow through with tasks/fail to complete tasks

Often loses things necessary for activities, like pencils, etc

Easily distracted by external stimuli

Forgetful

Difficulty with organising tasks/activities

2) Hyperactivity/Impulsiveness

Constant fidgeting/squirming in the seat. Restlessness in the case of adults

Running about or climbing over objects all the time

Difficulty with playing quietly

Excessive talking

Inability to sit still for lengthy periods

Blurting out answers to questions even before the question is finished

Difficulty with waiting in lines or awaiting turn in games or group situations

Interrupting or intruding on others

The condition runs in families, as it has a strong genetic predisposition. Environmental factors include toxins, such as lead (in paint and pipes in old buildings). Other risk factors include mothers smoking or drinking alcohol during pregnancy, premature birth and social stress like extreme neglect or abuse /social deprivation in early childhood. Contrary to popular believe, sugar intake is not recognised as a cause/risk factor for ADHD development.

The condition is important since it has consequences for the individuals and families involved. The affected children struggle at school. In fact, a very low percentage of those with the condition go on to get a university degree. Affected individuals have a higher than normal rate of accidents.

It has also been established that individuals with ADHD are more likely than the average age mates, of developing problems of substance abuse. They generally struggle to fit in and therefore have significant distress in social, academic and occupational settings.

The condition can be managed with psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioural therapy. But many of them need medication. There are various classes of medicines that have been proven to be quite effective. Once the diagnosis is made, your doctor will discuss the treatment with you.

There is a lot that parents and other care givers like teachers can do, in addition to the treatment given by healthcare professionals.